I. with Participles, to give the reason or motive of the action expressed by the Verb, if, as, diabaivnei, wJ" ajmhvswn to;n si`ton Hdt.
2. with Participles in the case of the Object, levgousin hJma`" wJ" ojlwlovta" they speak of us as dead, Aesch.
3. with Participles put absolutely, ejrwvta o{ ti bouvlei, wJ" tajlhqh` ejrou`nto" (i.e. pisteuvwn me ejrei`n ) Xen. , etc.
II. so also before Prepositions, ajnhvgonto wJ" ejpi; naumacivan (i.e. wJ" naumachvsonte" ) Thuc. ; plei`" wJ" pro;" oi\kon Soph .; wJ" ejk kakw`n ejcavrh Hdt.
III. the Preps. eij", ejpiv , came to be omitted, and wJ" itself appears to be used as a Prep. c. acc ., but only c. acc. pers., to;n o{moion a[gei qeo;" wJ" to;n o{moion god brings like to like, Od.; wJs ]Agin ejpresbeuvsanto Thuc.
D.
wJ"
before independent sentences:
I.
wJ"
as an emphatic exclamation,
how,
as
Lat.
ut
for
quam,
wJ" a[noon kradivhn e[ce"
how
silly a heart hadst thou! Il.;
wJ" ajgaqovn
Od.;
wJ" ajstei`o" oJ a[nqrwpo"
how
charming he is!
Plat.
2. when it is joined to a Verb, its force extends to the whole sentence, w{" uJperdevdoikav sou how greatly do I fear for thee, Soph.
3. it also denotes a quick succession of events, wJ" i[den, w{" min [Erw" frevna" ajmfekavluyen how
he saw, how did Love encompass his heart, i.e. he saw and straightway Love. . , Il.; wJ" i[don, wJ" ejmavnhn, w{" meu peri; qumo;" ijavfqh Theocr .; (so Virg. ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error ).
II. wJ" to express a wish, like ei[qe , Lat. utinam , oh that! with the opt. wJ" ajpovloito kai; a[llo" Od.; wJ" mh; qavnoi oh that he might not die! Ib.
2. wJ" joined with other words of wishing, wJ" w[fele" aujtovqÆ ojlevsqai Il.; wJ" dh; mh; o[felon nika`n Od.
E. wJ" with Numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, su;n ajnqrwvpoi" wJ" ei[kosi Xen .; pai`" wJ" eJptaethv" some seven years old, Plat.
F.
wJ"
in some Elliptical Phrases:
1.
wJ" tiv
(
sc.
gevnhtai
);
to what end?
Eur.
2.
wJ" eJkasto"
each separately,
Lat.
pro se quisque
,
Hdt
.,
Thuc.
G.
Etymology:
wJ"
is an
Adv.
form of the relat.
o{", a" twv" of oJ, ou{tw" of ou|to"
.
w\/"
w\/" , tov , Dor. for ou\" , ear.
w\/sa , Ep. and Ion. for e[wsa , aor. I act. of wjqevw :—
w[saimen
w[saimen , 1 pl. opt.
wJ"-avn , or wJ" a[n , Ep. w{" ke or w{" ken , being wJ" with a conditional force added.
2. as if, as it were, Dem ., N.T.
w[saske
w[saske , Ep. for w\se , 3 sing. aor. I act. of wjqevw .
wJsauvtw"
wJ"-auvtw" , Adv. ( w{", au[tw" ) in like manner, just so, w}" dÆ au[tw" , for wJsauvtw" de; . . , Hom. , etc. ;