things, Hdt.; ejn toi`" prw`toi among the first, Thuc.
B. oJ, hJ, tov , THE DEFINITE ARTICLE , the, the indefin. being ti;", ti; , a or an. The use of oJ, hJ, tov , as the Article sprung from its use as demonstr. Pron., to;n ojpivstaton him that was hindmost, i.e. the hindmost man, Il.; to;n a[riston him that was bravest, etc.;-also with Advs. to; privn, to; pavro" per, to; provsqen, to; trivton, ta; prw`ta all in Il.
II. the true Article is first fully established in Att.: it is omitted with prop. names and with appellatives which require no specification, as qeov", basileuv" :—but it is added to Prop. Names, when there has been previous mention of the person, as Thuc. speaks first of Peiqiva" , and then refers to him as oJ P .; or to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille , oJ Lavi>o", oJ Foi`bo" Soph.
2.
with Infinitives, which thereby become Substantives,
to; ei\nai
the
being;
to; fronei`n
good sense, etc.
3.
in neuter, to specify any word or expression,
to; a[nqrwpo"
the word
man;
to; levgw
the word
levgw
;
to; mhde;n a[gan
the sentiment
‘
ne quid nimis
.’
4.
before Pronouns,
a.
before the pers. Pron., to give them greater emphasis, but only in acc.,
to;n ejmev, to;n se; kai; ejmev
Plat.
5.
before the interrog., to make the question more precise,
to; tiv
; Aesch., etc.;
ta; poi`a
; Eur.
III.
Elliptic. expressions:
1.
before the gen. of a prop. n., to express descent,
oJ Diov"
(sc.
pai`"
)
, hJ Lhtou`"
(sc.
qugavthr
) often in Att.; but sometimes, as appears from the context, to denote
husband, brother, friend, wife:
—then before a gen. it indicates all general relations, as,
ta; th`" povlew"
all that concerns
the state;
ta; tw`nÆAqhnaivwn fronei`n
to hold with the Athenians, be on their side, Hdt.:—so with neut. of possess. Pron.,
to; ejmovn, to; sovn
what regards
me or thee, my or thy business. But
to; tino"
is often also,
a mans saying,
as,
to; tou` Sovlwno"
Hdt.
2. with cases governed by Preps., oiJ ejn th`/ povlei, oiJ ajpo; (or ejk ) th`" povlew" the men of the city; oiJ ajmfiv tina, oiJ periv tina such an one and his followers, but also periphr. for the person himself.
3.
on
ma; tovn
, v.
mav
IV
.
4.
poreuvesqai th;n e[xw teivcou"
(sc.
oJdovn
), Plat.;
krivnasqai th;n ejpi;qavnaton
, v.
qavnato"
1. 2;
hJ au[rion
(sc.
hJmevra
)
the
morrow:—also with Advs., which thus take an Adject. sense, as,
oJ, hJ, to; nu`n
the
present;
oiJ tovte a[nqrwpoi
the
men of that time, also
oiJ tovte, oiJ nu`n
, etc.;
to; privn
formerly;
to; provsqen, to; prw`ton
, etc.;
to; ajpo; touvtou, to; ajpo; tou`de
from the present time, etc.
C. C RASIS OF A RT .:—in Trag. oJ, hJ, tov , with a± make a<Eth> , as aJnhvr, a{nqrwpo", aJlhvqeia, aJrethv, tajgaqovn, tajdikei`n, ta[/tion ; so, oiJ, aiJ, tav , as a{ndre", a{nqrwpoi, tajgaqav, tajkivnhta ; also tou`, tw`/ , as tavgaqou`, tajgaqw`/ :— oJ, tov, oiJ , with e become ou, ouJx, ouJpiv, ouJmov", tou[rgon, ouJpicwvrioi , etc.; also tou` , as toujmou`, toujpiovnto" ;but in one case a<Eth>, a{tero", qa[teron , for ou[tero" (which is Ion.); tw`/ remains unchanged, twjmw`/, twjpiovnti :— hJ with e becomes a<Eth>, aJtevra :— oJ, tov before o becomes ou , as Ou{lumpio", tou[noma :— oJ, tov , etc., before au do not change the diphthong, auJtov", taujtov, taujtw`/ ; so, ta; aujtav = taujtav, aiJ aujtaiv = auJtaiv :— hJ before euj becomes huJ , as huJlavbeia :— th`/ before hJ becomes qh , as qhjmevra :— tov before uJ becomes qou- , as qou[dwr for to; u{dwr .
o{
o{ , Ion. and Dor. masc. for relat. pron. o{" ,
II. generally, neut. of the same.
jojav
jojav »a<Eth>1/4 , woe, woe! Lat. vae ! Aesch.
o[ar, [OAR
[O ØAR , o[aro", hJ , a wife, in gen. pl., ojavrwne{neka sfeteravwn Il.; contr. dat. pl., ajmunevmenai w[ressin Ib.
ojarivzw