O, o
,
o] mikrovn
,
little
or
short o,
as opp. to
o] mevga
great
or
long o,
i.e.
double o
(for
w
was orig. written
ev"
,
i.e.
oo
): fifteenth letter in the Greek alphabet: as numeral
oV
= 70, but
Ëo
= 70,000. In early times
o
represents both
o
and
w
; and in many words must have sounded like
ou
, as in
bovlomai
for
bouvlomai
; while reversely, in Ion.
mou`no" nou`so" kou`ro" ou[noma
stand for
movno" novso" kovro" o[noma
. Dialect. changes: Aeol. for
a
, as
strotov"
for
stratov"
;—for
e, jErcovmeno"
for
jOrcovmeno"
(Boeot.);—for
uØ
, as
o[numa stuvma
for
o[noma stovma
.
2.
Dor. often into
oi, ajgnoievw ptoievw pnoiav
for
ajgnoevw ajloavw ptoevw
.
3.
like
a, o
is often rejected or prefixed for euphony, as
kevllw ojkevllw, duvromai ojduvromai
.
4.
in compd. Adjectives,
o
is changed metri grat. into
h, qeogenhv" xifofovro"
into
qehgenhv" xifhfovro"
.
oJ
oJ, hJ, tov , is
A.
demonstr. Pronoun.
B.
the definite Article.
C.
in Ep., the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent
o{, h{, tov
=
o{", h{, o{
. Besides the common forms, note Ep. gen. sing.
toi`o
for
tou`
; pl. nom.
toiv, taiv
; gen. fem.
tavwn »a±1/4
, dat.
toi`si, th`/"
and
th`/si
; dual gen, and dat.
toi`in
:—in Trag. we find
toi; mevn. . , toi; dev
. . , for
oiJ mevn. . , oiJ dev
. . ; dat. pl. also
toi`si, tai`si
: the dual has commonly but one gender,
twv
for
tav, toi`n
for
tai`n
.
A.
oJ, hJ, tov
,
DEMONSTR.
P
RONOUN
:
I.
joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat.
ille
,
oJ Tudeivdh"
Tydeus,
famous
son, Il.;
Nevstwr oJ gevrwn
Nestor—
that
aged man, Ib.;
timh`" th`" Priavmou
for honour,
namely that
of Priam, Ib.
II.
without a Subst.,
he, she, it,
oJ ga;r h\lqe
Ib., etc.
III.
pecul. usages,
1.
before Relat. Pronouns, to call attention to the foregoing noun,
ejfavmhn se peri; frevna" e[mmenai a[llwn, tw`n o{ssoi Lukivkhn naietavousin
far above the rest,
namely
above
those who. . ,
Ib.
2. oJ mevn. . , oJ dev . . , either in Opposition, oJ mevn the former, oJ dev the latter), or in Partition, the one. . , the other. . , Lat. hic. . , ille. . .
IV.
absolute usages of single cases,
1.
fem. dat.
th`/
,
there, on that spot,
Hom.;
to; me;n th`/, to; de; th`/
Xen.:—with a notion of motion towards,
thither,
Il.
b.
of Manner,
th`/per
in this way, thus,
Od.;
th`/ mevn. . , th`/ dev
. . ,
in one way. . , in another. . ,
or
partly. . , partly,
Eur., etc.
c.
relative,
where,
for
h|
, Hom.
2.
neut. gen.
tou`
,
therefore,
Id.
3.
neut. dat.
tw`/
,
therefore,
Id., Soph.
b.
thus, in this wise, then, if this be so, on this condition,
Hom.
4.
neut. acc.
tov
,
wherefore,
Id., Soph.;
to; dev
, absol., but
as to this. . ,
Plat.
5.
to; mevn. . , to; dev
. . ,
partly. . , partly. . ,
or
on the one hand. . , on the other. . ,
Od., Att.;
ta; mevn. . , ta; dev
. . , Hdt., Soph., Thuc.; also,
ta; mevn ti. . , ta; dev ti
. . , Xen.
6.
with Prepositions, of Time,
ejk tou`
, Ep.
toi`o
,
ever since,
Il.
b.
pro; tou`
, sometimes written
protou`
,
before this, aforetime,
Hdt., Aesch.; so,
ejn tw`/ protou` crovnw/
Thuc.
7. ejn toi`" is often used in Prose with Superlatives, ejn toi`" qeiovtaton one of the most marvellous